{"id":342,"date":"2020-03-21T19:47:13","date_gmt":"2020-03-22T00:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/?p=342"},"modified":"2020-03-21T19:47:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T00:47:13","slug":"an-archive-of-covid-19-related-fake-news-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/?p=342","title":{"rendered":"Content patterns in COVID-19 related digital misinformation in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Syeda Zainab Akbar, Joyojeet Pal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(Suggested Citation: Akbar,\u00a0S., Pal, J. (2020) Content patterns\u00a0in COVID-19 related\u00a0digital misinformation\u00a0in India. Microsoft Research India. Available online at:\u00a0https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/an-archive-of-covid-19-related-fake-news-in-india\/)<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\">We conducted a preliminary survey of debunked COVID-19 related messages online, to create a taxonomy of misinformation. The goal of this work is to understand the language &#8211; including topic and metaphor of misinformation, to help understand the strategies employed to misinform people. Unfortunately, it is difficult to estimate the extent to which a piece of misinformation goes viral, but we hope to regularly update this page from various sources, with new stories that are known to be untrue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\">We identified four broad themes that help define these messages, Alarmism, Culture, Cure, and Nature &amp; the Environment. While some messages did not fit cleanly into these categories, these were the closest approximation we came up with following several iterations of qualitative coding<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"pattern\"><\/a><br \/>\n<span class=\"c1\">In addition to these themes, we see a few recurrent stylistic patterns. These include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c19 lst-kix_5rf5mz66tvc3-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">The use of \u201cannouncements\u201d which include formal-looking letterheads or sources<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\">Superimposing false text under legitimate sources such as Twitter\/FB handles of key leaders or media or under screenshots of television or web based news souces with &#8220;Breaking News&#8221;<\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">The presentation of data, attributed to organizations, but without traceable citation<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\">The use of Corona-unconnected people with East Asian features as a stylistic element<\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Speculation about future scenarios<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\">Use of\u00a0details\u00a0&#8211; naming establishments, temperatures of infection etc. which suggest\u00a0specifics, and make fake news more believable<\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\">Use of public figures as\u00a0key actors in a story, presumably to get viral traction<\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">The use of\u00a0alarmist\u00a0language and stylistic elements intended to cause panic<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"c1\">In many ways the COVID related misinformation is not very different from other forms of suspect information that crosses our path, including phishing or political or economic misinformation. But the existence of a global pandemic and widespread uncertainty has given rise to an extraordinary number of mis-informational messages that are either deliberate mischief or generated and spread out of ignorance. This can also come from legitimate sources, including the government, and mainstream media, which are quick to put alarmist news, or suggestions on cures that are not empirically verified.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Below are the four categories and subsequent tables with links to the fact-checked site. For this work, we used data from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tattle.co.in\/\">Tattle<\/a>\u00a0a civic tech organization that maintains a list of debunked misinformation,\u00a0based on\u00a0six fact-checkers that maintain public repositories of their fact-checked information. These are\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040735000\">AltNews<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040735000\">BOOMlive<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040735000\">Factly<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040736000\">Indiatoday Fact Check<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040736000\">Quint Webqoof<\/a><\/span>, and\u00a0<span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.vishvasnews.com\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040736000\">VishwasNews<\/a><\/span>. There are some challenges with this sampling &#8211; we stuck to fact-checking that was public and linked to the original fact-checked site for each story, while a lot of fake news travels in encrypted platforms. However, we would like to expand our work to more fact-checkers. This work also inordinately samples English-language fake news, however we will be releasing multilingual versions of this document since much of this fake news makes it across languages.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"category\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table class=\"c18\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"c30\">\n<td class=\"c13\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c32 c27\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c16\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c32 c27\">Category<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c11\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c27 c38\">Definition<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c33\">\n<td class=\"c13\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c16\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">Alarmism<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c11\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">We classify a message to be alarmist when it refers to fear-invoking messages such as those with violent imagery, death or mass-killings.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c36\">\n<td class=\"c13\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c16\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">Culture<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c11\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">We classify a message to be about culture when messages have religious connotations, celebrity or societal references.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c33\">\n<td class=\"c13\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c27\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c16\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">Cure<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c11\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">We classify messages under cure-based when messages suggest remedies &#8211; alternative or mainstream &#8211; that make claims on curing people of the virus.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c39\">\n<td class=\"c13\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c16\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c22\">Nature<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c11\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">We classify a message as nature when messages have references to animals and the environment. \u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"alarm\"><\/a> <strong>Alarmism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\">We find that alarmist messages are intended to create fear in the minds of viewers and this is done by highlighting three broad elements:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c19 lst-kix_k57kf5v297hd-0 start\">\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Scale\/intensity: Messages that amplify the number of deaths, speed of intensification<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Disgust: Messages that show explicit images of dead or unwell persons<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\">Conspiracy: Messages that suggest conspiracy or attacking intent relating to disease spread<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"c18\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Claim<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Fact<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Image<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/no-this-video-doesnt-show-people-infected-with-coronavirus-china-screaming-for-help\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040752000\">People infected with Coronavirus in China screaming for help<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This is actually a video of people singing patriotic songs.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 136.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 136.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image41.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image41.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-393\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image41-300x295.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"295\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/no-china-did-not-seek-courts-approval-to-kill-over-20000-coronavirus-patients\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040754000\">China seek court\u2019s approval to kill over 20,000 coronavirus patients<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ab-tc.com is a fake news website with several domain names. The story of 20,000 cases reported worldwide has been misreported to cause havoc.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 117.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 117.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image16.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image16.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-362\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image16-300x254.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/people-lying-on-the-road-as-part-of-an-art-project-in-germany-falsely-linked-to-coronavirus\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040757000\">People scattered and fallen on the road due to Coronavirus outbreak in China<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The image is from an art project in remembrance of the 528 victims of the \u201cKatzbach\u201d Nazi concentration camp in Germany.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 114.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 114.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image46.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image46.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-398\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image46-300x249.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/video-of-parasite-removal-from-a-persons-lip-falsely-linked-with-coronavirus\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040759000\">A video of a parasite being removed from a person\u2019s lip<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The video is not related to coronavirus and is an old video of a maggot being pulled out of a woman&#8217;s lips.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 77.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 77.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image24.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-370\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image24-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/young-woman-who-collapsed-in-malaysian-supermarket-died-of-heart-failure-not-coronavirus-6708&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040762000\">Young Woman collapsed in Malaysian supermarket, died of Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The young woman\u2019s family reported that the woman collapsed in the departmental store due to heart failure and not an infection caused by the coronavirus.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 149.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 149.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image42.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image42.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-394\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image42-278x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/hoax-alert-viral-emergency-notification-on-coronavirus-is-fake-6682&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040765000\">Viral &#8216;Emergency Notification&#8217; by India\u2019s Health ministry on Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The message is a hoax alert for scaremongering.\u00a0The use of alarmist language such as &#8220;Most Urgent, Very Serious, Important Information&#8221; in the title and very specific but unsubstantiated data in text on throat membranes and temperature of water to be consumed\u00a0are hints the news is fake.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image9.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-355\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image9-300x181.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"181\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/video-of-a-family-died-due-to-novel-coronavirus-no-an-old-unrelated-video\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040768000\">Video of a family dead due to novel\u00a0<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/video-of-a-family-died-due-to-novel-coronavirus-no-an-old-unrelated-video\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040768000\">Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This video was posted one-year ago on youtube and is unrelated to the coronavirus outbreak.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 174.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 174.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-353\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image7-237x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/telugu-no-cases-of-coronovirus-have-been-reported-in-india-so-far\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040770000\">\u2018Four dead in Gandhi hospital\u2019 due to coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hospital confirmed in an interview that no deaths have occurred due to Coronavirus in Gandhi hospital, Telangana. The number of four deaths is an alarmist tactic since at the time there weren&#8217;t that many casualties reported even throughout the country.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 124.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 124.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image60.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image60.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-412\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image60-300x269.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"269\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/mock-drill-video-of-chinese-swat-team-tackling-coronavirus-victim-viral-as-real\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040772000\">China stops and arrests coronavirus suspects on the road<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The video is a mock drill video of a SWAT team in an unspecified location with\u00a0aggressive steps taken to secure an uncooperative citizen, the kind that would create alarm in the eyes of a viewer.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image26.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image26.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-378\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image26-300x184.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/was-a-case-of-novel-coronavirus-identified-in-bihar-6915&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040775000\">Was A Case Of Novel Coronavirus Identified In Bihar?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Doctor in Purnea district of east Bihar reported that he has not identified any patient positive with Coronavirus. This may have intended to impact the doctor\u2019s practice, and to cause alarm in a region that at the time had no known cases.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 76.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 76.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image53.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-420\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A10-300x136.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\u00a011<\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/chinese-policemen-killing-coronavirus-patients-and-other-news-you-almost-believed-6905&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040777000\">Chinese Policemen Kill Coronavirus Patients<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chinese policemen are not killing patients. The videos here are maliciously combined to build a false narrative of the Chinese as cold towards the human\u00a0condition in the pandemic.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 80.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 80.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image27.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image27.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-379\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image27-300x174.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/fact-check\/video\/is-coronavirus-a-secret-chinese-bio-warfare-weapon-1647376-2020-02-17&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040779000\">Is Coronavirus a secret Chinese bio-warfare weapon?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BBC reported that there\u00a0was no accidental virus leakage from the Wuhan Center of Virology. This news intends to cause alarm and suggest malicious intent on China&#8217;s part to target its enemy states with bioweapons.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 90.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 90.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image50.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-347\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image1-300x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/fact-check\/story\/fact-check-bloated-casualty-figures-linked-to-coronavirus-leave-netizens-in-panic-1643257-2020-02-04&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040781000\">23 million quarantined; 2.8 million infected; 112.000 dead due to coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The radio talk show gave alarmingly high numbers and had no relationship with the real numbers in China\u2019s live-broadcast of Coronavirus Outbreak.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 113.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 113.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image6.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-352\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image6-300x248.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/fake-message-claims-china-producing-corned-beef-with-human-body-parts-7149&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040783000\">China is Producing Corned Beef With Human Body Parts<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The images are sourced from a\u00a0Tibetan sky burial practice and a game pop-up show in London, and are unrelated to the Coronavirus.\u00a0The graphic nature\u00a0 of the images are used to create alarm, and further a\u00a0negative narrative around Chinese people.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 178.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 178.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image59.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A14.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-419\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A14-198x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/death-in-tamil-nadu-shared-as-delhi-coronavirus-case-fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040786000\">A girl infected by coronavirus found dead in Delhi apartment<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">The video is of a girl found\u00a0dead\u00a0in Tamil Nadu prior to, and unrelated to the Coronavirus. Since the deceased woman was from Nagaland, her Eastern features are used to suggest she is Chinese and cause alarm about people with similar features.<\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 170.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 170.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image45.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A15.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-421\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A15-262x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/alleged-data-leak-by-tencent-revealing-over-24000-deaths-in-china-due-to-coronavirus-fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040789000\">Screenshots Claim China\u2019s Coronavirus Deaths Over 24,000<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Chinese government is not misreporting numbers, this report by Chinese website Tencent does not correspond with other live-counts and hence it has been doctored.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 77.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 77.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image22.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image22.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-368\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image22-300x169.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/china-blocking-roads-to-contain-coronavirus-fake-news-fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040791000\">Is China Blocking Roads To Contain Coronavirus?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a 5-year old video from a car accident in Shandong Wudi in China and is unrelated to Coronavirus. The apparent source had a\u00a0PhD attached to their name, to suggest the\u00a0qualification of the author.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 174.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 174.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image47.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image47.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-399\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image47-237x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/two-cases-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-kolkata-news-fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040793000\">2 Cases of Coronavirus Confirmed in Kolkata?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kolkata Airport reported that these cases are not positive, only suspected, hence advised for check-up. The images\u00a0are alarmist and have health workers in full-body suits in a location other than Kolkata, which has not seen this level of testing.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 96.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 96.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image48.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image48.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-400\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image48-300x210.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/report-says-tripura-man-died-of-coronavirus-in-malaysia-authorities-deny&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040795000\">Tripura man dies of Coronavirus in Malaysia<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Tripura man\u2019s family had\u00a0wrongly\u00a0claimed the death of their child.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malaysia\u2019s Health Ministry tweeted reporting that no Indians have died due to Coronavirus in their country. The image of what appears to be a poor person outside a\u00a0rural home with a thatched roof\u00a0is for effect that Tripura is a poor and tribal state.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 160.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 160.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image34.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image34.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-386\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image34-258x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/did-these-books-predict-the-coronavirus-outbreak&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040798000\">Books predicted coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The novels The Eyes of Darkness by Dean Koontz and End Of Days by Sylvia Browne talk about older variations of COVID, and tap into a larger narrative of apocalyptic literature, including the predictions of Nostradamus which traditionally find purchase among a subset of the population.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 212.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 212.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image19.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image19.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-365\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image19-195x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/coronavirustopstories\/times-of-india-misreports-agra-woman-fleeing-after-coronavirus-tests-7229&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040801000\">Agra Woman fled from Bangalore after Coronavirus test<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This case presents ways in which shoddy reporting from legitimate sources can be a problem. The\u00a0individual\u00a0never entered the Bangalore city, a fact-checker verified this through a direct follow-up with the individual.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image23.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image23.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-369\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image23-300x189.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/coronavirus-rumours-hit-mumbai-hotels-westin-and-fatty-bao-7246&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040803000\">Coronavirus Rumours Hit Mumbai Hotels Westin And Fatty Bao<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Management of the\u00a0Westin hotel and Fatty Bao restaurant announced that they don&#8217;t have any positive cases of Coronavirus, the messages may have been mischief intended to hit the commercial operations of these establishments.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 80.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 80.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image61.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image61.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-413\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image61-300x174.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/video-of-mock-drill-on-covid-19-preparedness-in-punjab-viral-as-real-7254&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040806000\">Video of Punjab dealing with COVID-19 patients<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This video is of a\u00a0mock\u00a0drill on COVID-19 preparedness In Punjab presented as a real scenario.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image15.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A23-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-438\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/A23-1-300x176.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"176\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/the-message-that-a-worker-of-prince-hotel-in-hyderabad-has-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-is-fake\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040808000\">A worker of Prince hotel in Mehdipatnam has tested positive for Coronavirus.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Prince hotel has announced that no worker of their hotel has been tested positive. This is another case of likely attack aimed at a commercial establishment.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 217.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 217.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image31.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-383\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image31-190x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/moh-states-viral-pdf-that-offers-clarification-regarding-the-declaration-of-holidays-is-false\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040811000\">Memorandum for declaration of holidays in state by Ministry of Health<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No fines have been levied for breach of order, and the relevant ministry\u00a0released a report debunking the fake memorandum. The use of language in the fake circular is inexact for an official memorandum &#8220;advised that mass gathering may be avoided&#8221; (as opposed a specific recommendation) and\u00a0vague signatory &#8220;Under Secretary for Government of India&#8221; hint that this is misinformation.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 168.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 168.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image54.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image54.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-406\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image54-247x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/pib-rubbishes-viral-whatsapp-audio-clip-claiming-india-will-go-into-a-lockdown-7230&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040814000\">India will go into a lockdown until 15th of April<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This was confirmed to be fake by the PIB, the stylistic elements including an audio message and a link to the government for the person\u00a0with purported knowledge of the facts are used to mislead recipients of this message.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 88.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 88.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image30.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image30.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-382\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image30-300x190.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c15\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/coronavirus-viral-forward-promising-free-masks-is-fake-7250&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040816000\">Coronavirus: Government is distributing free masks under a new scheme<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c6\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This is a phishing website\/URL that uses a legitimate sounding name based on an existing scheme.\u00a0T<\/span><span class=\"c1\">he non-use of CAPS for &#8216;Pm mask Yojna&#8217; hints\u00a0that the claim is spurious.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clicking on the link asks you to forward the message with fake guarantee of rewards.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 118.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 118.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image12.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-358\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image12-300x257.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\" \/><\/a><strong><span class=\"c1\">Culture<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"culture\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\"><strong>Culture<\/strong><br \/>\nWe find that messages that use cultural metaphor or associations intend to mislead readers by proposing that ethnic or cultural features of a certain group &#8211; ethnic, religious, or political relate to the incidence or spread of the disease. These messages typically attempt to enlist either enthusiastic purchase among\u00a0members of a certain group, or\u00a0negative feelings towards\u00a0them. Often, these messages amplify pre-existing schisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c19 lst-kix_k57kf5v297hd-0\">\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Spaces: Messages that propose infections or spaces used by certain group &#8211; such as Mosques<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Practices: Messages that propose the association of a group\u2019s practice with disease characteristics<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Politicization: Messages that suggest politicization of a group\u2019s approach to dealing with the disease<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"c18\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Claim<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Fact<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Image<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/old-video-of-chinese-pres-xi-jinping-visiting-mosque-shared-as-recent-during-coronavirus-outbreak\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040824000\">Chinese pres Xi Jinping visiting mosque amid coronavirus outbreak<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The video is taken from Xi Jinping\u2019s tour in Northwest China which was 4 years ago. The use of religious metaphor is used widely across fake news, intended to create purchase among believers that faith can be an answer to the crisis.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 78.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 78.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image55.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image55.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-407\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image55-300x171.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/old-video-of-ex-malaysian-pm-viral-as-chinese-pm-praying-in-a-mosque-amid-coronavirus-outbreak\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040826000\">Chinese PM praying in a mosque amid Coronavirus outbreak<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The video\u00a0uses a man with East Asian features\u00a0(ex-Malaysian PM Abdullah Ahmad Badawi) attending Friday prayers.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 133.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 133.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image20.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-422\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture2-300x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/video-of-wuhan-residents-mourning-doctors-death-shared-with-false-claims-6834&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040828000\">Video Of Wuhan Residents Mourning Doctor&#8217;s Death<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This is a video of people singing patriotic songs, and has been reused in multiple messages that relate to\u00a0COVID-19.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image28.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-424\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-3-300x178.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/video-from-indonesia-peddled-as-muslim-man-tortured-in-china-6785&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040830000\">Muslim Man Tortured In China amid coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The video is of a pick-pocketer beaten up in Indonesia, presumably aiming to stir up sectarian feelings around officials&#8217; treatment of persons caught in the crisis.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 84.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image58.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-425\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-4-300x221.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/did-aap-distribute-magic-blankets-to-the-differently-abled-a-fact-check-6742&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040833000\">AAP distributes \u2018Magic Blankets\u2019 to the disabled<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">These images are from a blanket distribution drive in Bijnor district by the NGO, Saksharta Sansthan.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 137.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 137.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image4.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-350\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image4-300x298.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"298\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/no-the-video-doesnt-show-the-new-hospital-set-up-by-china-for-coronavirus-patients\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040836000\">China sets up new hospital for Coronavirus patients<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a 2-year old video of a\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">57-storey skyscraper,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hence not related to the novel Coronavirus. This uses the notion of Chinese efficiency and a command economy in engineering the necessary resources related to tackling COVID-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 158.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 158.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image8.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-354\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image8-260x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/no-china-didnt-grant-permission-to-read-quran-in-the-light-of-coronavirus-epidemic\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040838000\">Chinese reading Quran after ban lifted in view of coronavirus?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This actually is an old video of people first time seeing the bible.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 101.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 101.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image52.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image52.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-404\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image52-300x221.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/no-xi-jinping-did-not-visit-muslim-homes-to-learn-how-to-fight-coronavirus-7143&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040840000\">Xi Jinping visited Muslim Homes To Learn How To Fight Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The video is from Xi Jinping\u2019s visit to Ningxia province during his poverty alleviation program.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 88.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 88.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image36.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-440\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-8-300x282.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"282\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/aaj-taks-fact-check-video-was-clipped-to-falsely-claim-that-chinese-pm-said-quran-is-the-only-cure-for-covid-19\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040843000\">Chinese PM said, \u2018Quran is the only cure for COVID-19\u2019<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This image is neither quoted right nor of the Chinese PM. The image is of China president Xi Jinping. The use of\u00a0faith here is\u00a0presumably aimed\u00a0at\u00a0getting adherents enthusiastic about forwarding, which can gain platform popularity for those sharing.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 125.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 125.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-347\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image1-300x273.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/old-images-of-a-festival-are-shared-in-the-wake-of-bjp-leaders-statement-that-cow-dung-may-help-cure-coronavirus\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040845000\">Cow dung may help cure Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Images from Goraihabba festival show people bathing in cow dung due to its \u2018sacred value\u2019 in the Hindu culture. These images were released after\u00a0a\u00a0BJP leader stated that cow dung cures coronavirus. There\u00a0is\u00a0no\u00a0scientific evidence\u00a0for this\u00a0claim, but has been a popular idea among those who believe in traditional Indian medicine.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 176.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 176.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image37.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image37.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-389\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image37-235x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/webqoof\/ramdev-infected-with-coronavirus-can-be-treated-using-cow-dung-cow-urine-fact-check&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040848000\">Baba Ramdev is Infected With Coronavirus?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This is an old image of Ramdev from his 9-day fast against corruption and black money. The use of a widely recognized figure adds potential for quick virality. Versions of this message also claimed that Baba Ramdev was hospitalized for drinking inordinate amounts of cow urine.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 65.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 65.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image32.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-437\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-11-300x136.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c37\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/public-tv-opindia-my-nation-run-fake-news-that-four-muslims-refuse-coronavirus-testing-in-karnataka\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040851000\">Public TV claims Muslim youths in Karnataka refuse coronavirus testing for \u201creligious reasons\u201d<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">This information\u00a0did not come with any verification, and presumably aim to create communal disharmony by targeting Muslims as a potential source of COVID-19\u00a0spread.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 154.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 154.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-351\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image5-267x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/no-cristiano-ronaldos-hotels-will-not-be-turned-into-hospitals-for-coronavirus-patients-7233&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040853000\">Cristiano Ronaldo&#8217;s Hotels Will be Turned Into Hospitals For Coronavirus Patients<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The hotel chains and Portugal-based digital media sources have denied the claim. The use of a public figure Christiano Ronaldo is presumably to get quick virality for the message.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image17.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image17.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-363\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image17-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/fact-check\/story\/fact-check-social-media-raps-a-flawed-tune-eminem-is-not-down-with-coronavirus-1652459-2020-03-04&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040856000\">Eminem is down with coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">No media report found to support the claim and Enimen is healthy and active on social media. The message is mischievous and\u00a0is likely to primarily be driven by gaining virality online.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 78.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 78.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image33.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-14.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-14-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c14\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/fact-check\/story\/fact-check-pope-francis-is-down-with-a-common-cold-and-not-coronavirus-1653196-2020-03-06&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040859000\">Pope Francis is down with coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c24\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The Pope has a common cold and not coronavirus. A message about the Pope is likely to go viral, but also underline that key figures of the world are likely to be afflicted by the virus.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 64.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 64.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image63.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-15.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-426\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Culture-15-300x107.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"107\" \/><\/a><strong><span class=\"c1\">Cure<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"cure\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\"><strong>Cure<\/strong><br \/>\nCure-based messages have found significant traction following the onset of COVID-19 given the uncertainty that surrounds the condition. Cure-based messages typically present a physical action such as exercise, or remedy involving naturally available materials or commercially produced products that can be used to deal with COVID-19. Some characteristics seen in cure-related messages include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c19 lst-kix_k57kf5v297hd-0\">\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Alternative medicines: Messages that present the existence of a cure in medicinal traditions outside of western medicine<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Home remedies: Messages that present easily available products as home remedies \u00a0&#8211; including alcoholic or narcotic substances<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Conspiracy: Messages that present conspiracy theories about existing western medicine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"c18\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Claim<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Fact<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Image<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/cannabis-kills-coronavirus-vivek-agnihotri-shares-scientific-misinformation-via-meme\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040866000\">Vivek Aghinotri shares that Cannabis (Weed) kills coronavirus\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">There is no scientific evidence to prove that cannabis kills coronavirus.\u00a0<\/span>This is a common stylistic element of replacing text under &#8220;breaking news&#8221; to suggest credibility.<\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 98.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 98.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-348\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image2-300x215.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/ayush-ministrys-claim-that-unani-practices-can-prevent-coronavirus-infection-is-false\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040868000\">PIB reports: AYUSH ministry\u2019s claims that Unani practices can prevent coronavirus infection<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">There is no scientific evidence as research data to support AYUSH ministry\u2019s claim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>While a common stylistic element of doctoring\u00a0whitespace text under the handle of a credible source (PIB India here) with misleading text can be used for fake news, in this case, the office source did in fact spread misinformation.<\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 114.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 114.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image21.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image21.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-367\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image21-300x249.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/no-homeopathic-drug-arsenicum-album-30-cannot-prevent-coronavirus-infection-as-claimed-by-ayush-ministry\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040871000\">Homeopathic drug \u2018Arsenicum album 30\u2019 prevents Coronavirus infection<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Arsenicum album 30 has never been tested or proven to reduce coronavirus infections or to prevent coronavirus infections. This message aims at getting purchase among a significant share of Indians who believe in Homeopathic remedies.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 86.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image13.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image13.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-359\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image13-300x190.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/did-dettol-know-about-coronavirus-outbreak-beforehand-a-factcheck-6767&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040873000\">Did Dettol Know About Coronavirus Outbreak Beforehand?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Dettol confirmed in a report that they have not tested effectiveness of their product on the new novel coronavirus. The older viruses in the coronavirus family were 99% effective.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 141.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 141.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image39.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image39.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-391\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image39-293x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"293\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/boiled-garlic-water-for-treating-coronavirus-not-really-6737&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040875000\">Boiled Garlic Water For Treating Coronavirus?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Boiled Garlic can prevent common cold, not coronavirus. The attractiveness of\u00a0such\u00a0messages arethe connection with ancient wisdom, the ease with which someone can implement it, and senders&#8217; claims that it &#8216;cannot hurt&#8217; to try.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 70.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 70.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image49.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image49.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-401\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image49-300x154.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"154\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/can-avoiding-ice-creams-and-cold-drinks-for-90-days-prevent-coronavirus-6689&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040877000\">Can Avoiding Ice Creams And Cold Drinks For 90 Days Prevent Coronavirus?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">The virus does not spread through the consumption of substances such as ice creams, cold drinks, and sweets which are commonly considered to cause colds in individuals.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 64.50px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 64.50px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image11.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-357\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image11-300x60.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/coronavirus-screenshots-from-aaj-taks-fact-check-shared-with-misleading-claim\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040879000\">Alcohol, weed cure coronavirus infection says Aaj Tak<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aaj-Tak\u2019s fact-check video has been misreported with the opposite claim. There is no scientific evidence to prove Alcohol and weed as cures for Coronavirus, but a screenshot is used to present the claim as legitimate\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 193.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 193.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image29.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-427\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-7-215x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/runny-nose-and-sputum-production-are-also-symptoms-of-covid-19\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040882000\">Only \u2018Dry cough\u2019 and not \u2018Runny nose\u2019 and \u2018sputum production\u2019 \u00a0are symptoms of COVID-19<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">WHO reports that \u2018Runny Nose\u2019 and \u2018Sputum production\u2019 are symptoms of the novel coronavirus<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 168.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 168.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image35.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image35.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-387\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image35-247x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/no-trump-has-not-announced-launch-of-coronavirus-vaccine-by-swiss-drugmaker-roche\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040885000\">Trump announced launch of coronavirus vaccine by Swiss drugmaker Roche<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Roche Diagnostics only developed a coronavirus test which is 10x times faster than other tests.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 113.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 113.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image38.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-428\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-9-300x240.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/viral-posts-claiming-vaccines-for-coronavirus-have-been-developed-are-false-7201&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040887000\">Vaccines For Coronavirus Have Been Developed by Israelis<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Israel&#8217;s MIGAL Research Institute said in a press release that it was still working to develop a vaccine for COVID-19. The Israeli state with its accompanying discourse in India for efficiency and directness in dealing with challenges is used as the source. There are clear hints of the message being fake, The image of a vial called &#8220;Coronavirus Vaccine&#8221; is a fairly good indicator of the news being fake for an informed observer, but can be attractive to\u00a0others for its simple directness.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 202.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 202.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image62.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image62.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-414\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image62-205x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"205\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/is-there-a-right-way-to-wear-a-surgical-mask-a-factcheck-6750&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040890000\">Is There A Right Way To Wear A Surgical Mask?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Wearing the colored side of the mask on the outside is the right way to wear a Surgical Mask, and typically medical professionals are aware of this.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 114.00px;height: 145.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 114.00px;height: 145.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image10.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-429\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Cure-11-269x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"269\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/keep-your-throat-moist-advisory-message-on-coronavirus-was-not-issued-by-the-health-ministry\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040893000\">\u2018Keep your throat moist\u2019 advisory message on Coronavirus by the Health Ministry.<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fake advisory by the Ministry of Health India and there is no mention of keeping the throat moist in the original advisory.\u00a0The trick used here to present authenticity is to send the post from AIIMS, so while the message was sent while the user was in the physical environs of the medical institute, they were not in fact representing AIIMS.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 114.00px;height: 117.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 114.00px;height: 117.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image57.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image57.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-409\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image57-290x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/health\/viral-coronavirus-advisory-is-not-from-unicef-7171&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040896000\">8-step Advisory from UNICEF to keep safe from Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">UNICEF has not reported any advisory for Coronavirus.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 85.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image51.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image51.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-403\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image51-300x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c17\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/factly.in\/false-and-unverified-covid-19-claims-are-circulated-in-the-name-of-unicef\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040898000\">Wearing a mask can prevent people from getting infected by COVID-19 since the virus is large in size with a diameter of 400-500 microns<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c28\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">UNICEF does not release health advisories as it only caters to needs of children around the globe. But the use of an international agency presents legitimacy.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 114.00px;height: 88.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 114.00px;height: 88.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image40.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image40.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-392\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image40-300x232.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" \/><\/a><strong><span class=\"c1\">Environment<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"nature\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"c1\"><strong>Nature &amp; the Environment<\/strong><br \/>\nThese\u00a0messages are typically around the natural world around us. The majority of messages\u00a0here tend to be speculations or known falsehoods about the animal sources of COVID-19.\u00a0Some characteristics seen in cure-related messages include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"c19 lst-kix_k57kf5v297hd-0\">\n<li class=\"c9 c12\"><span class=\"c1\">Animal causes: Messages that present the\u00a0claims about animal origins of COVID-19. A subset of these also make cultural claims of vegetarian lifestyle superiority<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\"c18\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Claim<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Fact<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">Image<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/coronavirus-in-broiler-chicken-h5n1-bird-flu-outbreak-in-china-falsely-linked-with-cov\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040904000\">Coronavirus in broiler chicken?<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">H5N1 avian flu is found in chickens not the novel coronavirus. Cooking the chicken eliminates any kind of viruses.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 209.33px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 209.33px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image18.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-430\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E1-232x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/video-of-indonesian-meat-market-viral-as-epicenter-of-coronavirus-outbreak-in-wuhan-china\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040906000\">Pigs destroyed by Chinese government to prevent Coronavirus<\/a><\/span><span class=\"c1\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Images of mass burning and burial of pigs is from the African Swine Fever outbreak in China last year.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 186.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 186.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image14.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-432\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E2-246x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2 c29\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/video-of-indonesian-meat-market-viral-as-epicenter-of-coronavirus-outbreak-in-wuhan-china\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040907000\">Wuhan meat market is the origin of Coronavirus outbreak<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">The image is from\u00a0<span class=\"c21\">Langowan market in Indonesia which is famous for selling exotic meat.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 134.67px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 134.67px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image25.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-433\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E3-300x248.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2 c29\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/the-hindu-article-erroneously-links-filovirus-study-to-coronavirus-6789&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040909000\">Coronavirus started in American and Chinese labs that were studying bats in Nagaland<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Study on Bats by Wuhan Institute of Virology is not responsible for the coronavirus. The Hindu newspaper mistakenly linked the virus to the study.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 120.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 120.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image56.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E4-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-436\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E4-1-300x226.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"226\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2 c29\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.boomlive.in\/fake-news\/bat-infestation-video-from-florida-falsely-shared-as-coronavirus-source-found-6747&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040912000\">Bat Infestation Video shared As Coronavirus Source Found<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a 9-year old video from Florida, USA and not linked to Coronavirus. Popular myths around bats found much purchase among\u00a0people spreading misinformation related to COVID-19.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 152.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 152.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-349\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image3-273x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2 c29\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/coronavirus-image-showing-sulphur-dioxide-forecasts-falsely-linked-with-mass-cremation-in-wuhan\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040914000\">Coronavirus: High sulfur dioxide emissions show mass cremation in Wuhan<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sulphur Dioxide levels have not increased in Wuhan and it is not an indicator of burning organic matter, confirms the World Resource Institute.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 188.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 188.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image44.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-431\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E6-236x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"236\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"c5\">\n<td class=\"c0\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c1\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c25\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c2 c29\"><a class=\"c8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.altnews.in\/places-most-affected-by-coronavirus-not-situated-on-latitude-40-misleading-image-viral\/&amp;sa=D&amp;ust=1584823040916000\">Places most affected by coronavirus are situated on latitude 40\u00b0<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c26\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span class=\"c21 c35\">Areas irrespective of latitude have been affected, there is no scientific logic for this claim.<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"c4\" colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><span style=\"overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;margin: 0.00px 0.00px;border: 0.00px solid #000000;width: 138.00px;height: 116.00px\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 138.00px;height: 116.00px;margin-left: 0.00px;margin-top: 0.00px\" title=\"\" src=\"images\/image43.png\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-434\" src=\"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/E7-300x205.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syeda Zainab Akbar, Joyojeet Pal (Suggested Citation: Akbar,\u00a0S., Pal, J. (2020) Content patterns\u00a0in COVID-19 related\u00a0digital misinformation\u00a0in India. Microsoft Research India. Available online at:\u00a0https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/an-archive-of-covid-19-related-fake-news-in-india\/) We conducted a preliminary survey of debunked COVID-19 related messages online, to create a taxonomy of misinformation. The goal of this work is to understand the language &#8211; including topic and metaphor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joyojeet.people.si.umich.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}